OSHA Guide

OSHA Compliance Basics: Programs, Records, and Rates

Most contractors don't fail OSHA compliance on intent — they fail on documentation. Here's what has to exist in writing, what has to be recorded, and how the numbers your customers screen you on are actually calculated.

Updated August 2026 · 9 min read · Reviewed by a Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

What OSHA compliance actually means

OSHA compliance is not a status you're granted. There is no OSHA approval, no OSHA certificate, and no pre-clearance of your safety programs. Compliance is a condition you demonstrate — during an inspection, after an incident, or when a customer audits you — through written programs, training records, inspection documentation, and injury records that agree with each other.

That last part is where most contractors get caught. A program that says monthly inspections but produces two inspection forms a year is worse than no program at all, because it documents a commitment you didn't keep.

Written programs: what you need and what makes them fail

Which programs apply depends on your scope of work, not on a generic list. A mechanical contractor working at height with hot work and confined space entry carries a very different set than a facilities maintenance crew.

Programs commonly required of industrial and construction contractors include:

  • Hazard communication and chemical inventory
  • Lockout/tagout (control of hazardous energy)
  • Fall protection
  • Confined space entry
  • Respiratory protection, including fit-test and medical-evaluation records
  • Powered industrial trucks and mobile equipment
  • Electrical safety and arc-flash practices
  • Hot work and fire prevention
  • Emergency action and incident reporting

Why reviewers and inspectors reject them

  • Template language. The document never names your roles, equipment, chemicals, or frequencies. If it could belong to any company, it reads as belonging to none.
  • No assigned responsibility. Someone has to own each program by title.
  • Training that doesn't match. The program requires annual refreshers; the records show one session three years ago.
  • Missing appendices. Permits, checklists, and inspection forms the program references but never includes.

Recordkeeping: the 300, 301, and 300A

Most employers with more than ten employees in non-exempt industries must maintain injury and illness records:

  • OSHA 300 — the running log of recordable work-related injuries and illnesses.
  • OSHA 301 — the individual incident report behind each 300 entry.
  • OSHA 300A — the annual summary, certified by a company executive and posted in the workplace for the required period each year.

Two things go wrong constantly. First, recordability is misjudged — first aid treated as a recordable, or a restricted-duty case left off the log. Second, the 300A that gets posted and the numbers uploaded to a prequalification platform don't match, which reviewers do notice.

Retain records for the required multi-year period and keep them retrievable by year. Customers routinely ask for three to five years at once.

TRIR, DART, and EMR: how you're actually scored

Your customers rarely read your programs first. They screen your rates. All three come out of the records above, so accuracy in recordkeeping is what protects your numbers.

  • TRIR = (recordable cases × 200,000) ÷ hours worked. The total-recordable rate.
  • DART = (cases with days away, restricted duty, or transfer × 200,000) ÷ hours worked. A severity signal.
  • EMR — issued by your workers' comp insurer or rating bureau, not by OSHA. Compares your claims history to expected losses for your class codes.

The most frequent error we correct isn't a bad safety record — it's bad arithmetic. Under-reported hours worked inflate every rate you report. Recheck hours against payroll before any figure goes into a customer portal.

Where PrecisionEHS fits

We are an independent, CSP-led EHS consultancy. We build written programs to your actual scope of work, correct recordkeeping and rate calculations, assemble training and inspection documentation, and keep it current so audits and platform reviews stop being fire drills.

We don't guarantee inspection or audit outcomes — nobody credible does. See OSHA compliance consulting, monthly platform management, or run the 60-second compliance scorecard.

Common questions

Not sure which programs you're missing?

Send us your scope of work and we'll tell you what a reviewer or inspector will expect to see — free review, no obligation.